mirror of
https://github.com/fdiskyou/Zines.git
synced 2025-03-09 00:00:00 +01:00
224 lines
12 KiB
Text
224 lines
12 KiB
Text
|
==Phrack Inc.==
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Volume Two, Issue 21, File 6 of 11
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
||
|
|
<> <>
|
||
|
|
<> Organizations Supporting The Telecommunications Network Operations <>
|
||
|
|
<> <>
|
||
|
|
<> NETWORK MANAGEMENT CENTER <>
|
||
|
|
<> _____________________________________________________ <>
|
||
|
|
<> | | <>
|
||
|
|
<> | A description of the Network Management Center/NMC | <>
|
||
|
|
<> | and its role in providing the best possible service | <>
|
||
|
|
<> | to the customers of the telecommunications network. | <>
|
||
|
|
<> |_____________________________________________________| <>
|
||
|
|
<> <>
|
||
|
|
<> Brought to you by <>
|
||
|
|
<> Knight Lightning & Taran King <>
|
||
|
|
<> <>
|
||
|
|
<> August 9, 1988 <>
|
||
|
|
<> <>
|
||
|
|
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Introduction To Network Management - Southwestern Bell Telephone Company
|
||
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
|
Modern Telecommunications Networks, relying on direct customer input and common
|
||
|
|
and stored program controlled switching, are generally very reliable and have
|
||
|
|
provided the means to supply low cost telecommunication service to all who
|
||
|
|
desire it. Because these networks are designed on the probability that all
|
||
|
|
customers do not require service simultaneously, they are engineered and
|
||
|
|
equipped to provide acceptable levels of service during normal traffic load
|
||
|
|
periods. When customer demands or equipment malfunctions cause a deviation
|
||
|
|
from the engineered requirements or heavier than normal calling occurs, modern
|
||
|
|
networks can become congested and network throughput can be affected.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Network Management provides a means to improve the
|
||
|
|
performance of the network during these contingencies.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Purpose And Objectives
|
||
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
|
The Network Management Centers purpose is to provide the constant surveillance
|
||
|
|
and control activities necessary to maintain the network at its optimum level
|
||
|
|
of performance. This includes the Bell Operating Company (BOC) Intra-Lata
|
||
|
|
Networks and Inter-Exchange Facilities and Circuits.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
NMC's objective is to meet customer and market needs and expectations, and at
|
||
|
|
the same time, maximize revenues derived from the provision of network service.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
While the NMC cannot guarantee a certain level of service to the customer, it
|
||
|
|
can ensure the most effective use of existing network capacity in all
|
||
|
|
situations. This will result in:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- More completed calls
|
||
|
|
- Higher return on network capital investment
|
||
|
|
- Better customer service
|
||
|
|
- Protection of essential services such as 911, during abnormal network
|
||
|
|
situations
|
||
|
|
- Ensuring equal access
|
||
|
|
- Assisting in national security and emergency preparedness
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The NMC has the capability to alter or change the switching network on a near
|
||
|
|
real-time basis. This is accomplished thru Network Control Actions in the
|
||
|
|
switching machines. Control messages from the NMC are acted upon by the
|
||
|
|
switching machines to either expand capacity by utilizing idle equipment and
|
||
|
|
trunks or to restrict the network by denying access to traffic that has a poor
|
||
|
|
chance of completion, thereby freeing equipment and trunks for traffic that has
|
||
|
|
a good chance of completion.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Principles And Responsibilities Of Operations
|
||
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
|
In accomplishing the purpose and objective of the NMC, decision on network
|
||
|
|
control actions are guided by standard principle applicable to switching
|
||
|
|
technology or network architecture. All network management control actions are
|
||
|
|
generally based upon at least one of the standard principles.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Inhibit Switching Congestion
|
||
|
|
----------------------------
|
||
|
|
Large numbers of ineffective attempts in a switching machine due to traffic
|
||
|
|
overload or equipment malfunctions can exceed the engineered capacity of the
|
||
|
|
system. If not controlled, this congestion can spread to other connected
|
||
|
|
switching systems. Network management controls are available that remove
|
||
|
|
ineffective attempts to a congested machine, inhibiting switching congestion
|
||
|
|
and preventing its spread to adjacent switching systems.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use All Available Trunks
|
||
|
|
------------------------
|
||
|
|
The switching network is sized and equipped to accommodate the average business
|
||
|
|
day calling requirements. Focused overloads (storms, holidays, floods, and
|
||
|
|
civil disturbances) can often result in greatly increased calling patterns for
|
||
|
|
which the network is not designed. This aberration can also be caused by
|
||
|
|
facility failures and switching system outages. In these cases some trunk
|
||
|
|
groups are greatly overloaded while others may be virtually idle. Network
|
||
|
|
management reroutes can be activated in many of these cases to use temporary
|
||
|
|
idle capacity in the network, thereby completing calls that would otherwise be
|
||
|
|
blocked.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Keep All Trunks Filled With Messages
|
||
|
|
------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
A message is a completed call. Since the network is normally trunk limited, it
|
||
|
|
is important to optimize the ratio of messages (revenue) to non-messages (non
|
||
|
|
revenue producing) on any trunk group. When unusual or abnormal conditions
|
||
|
|
occur in the network that cause increased short holding time calls (non-message
|
||
|
|
such as busy tone, reorder tone, recorded announcement, and high-and-dry - dead
|
||
|
|
air), the number of carried messages decreases because non-message traffic is
|
||
|
|
occupying a larger percentage of system capacity. Network management controls
|
||
|
|
are designed to reduce non-message traffic and allow more calls to complete.
|
||
|
|
This results in higher customer satisfaction and increased revenue for the
|
||
|
|
industry.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Give Priority To Single-Link Connections
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
In networks designed to automatically alternate route calls, the most efficient
|
||
|
|
use of available trunking occurs when traffic loads are at (or below) normal
|
||
|
|
engineered values. When the engineered traffic load is exceeded, more calls
|
||
|
|
alternate route and therefore are required to use more than one trunk in order
|
||
|
|
to complete a call. During overload situations, the use of more than one trunk
|
||
|
|
to complete a call occurs more often and the possibility of a multilink call
|
||
|
|
blocking other call attempts is greatly increased. Thus, in some cases, it
|
||
|
|
becomes necessary to use network management controls to limit alternate routing
|
||
|
|
in order to give first routed traffic a reasonable chance to complete more
|
||
|
|
calls on the network than would otherwise be completed.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The responsibility of the Network Management Center is far-reaching, affecting
|
||
|
|
many work groups and organizations both in Southwestern Bell Telephone Company,
|
||
|
|
other telephone companies, and the customers.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The NMC provides:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- Real-time surveillance and control of the switching network
|
||
|
|
- Identifying abnormal network situations
|
||
|
|
- A centralized point for information to higher management, IC's,
|
||
|
|
Independent Companies, and other BOC's.
|
||
|
|
- A focal point for national security and emergency preparedness concerns
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The System -- A Picture
|
||
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
|
The Network Management System consists of three major components: The
|
||
|
|
switching network itself, the data gathering support system, and the
|
||
|
|
surveillance and control system (NMC).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The NMC is driven by customer actions in the switching network which are
|
||
|
|
recorded and displayed via the EADAS/NM (Engineering Administration Data
|
||
|
|
Acquisition System for Network Management). Network management control actions
|
||
|
|
are directed from the CRT to the switching network via the same system.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Diagram;
|
||
|
|
Switching Data Gathering NMC Surveillance
|
||
|
|
Network System and Control
|
||
|
|
____________ __________________ ______________________
|
||
|
|
/ \ / \ / \
|
||
|
|
____________ ___ _______________
|
||
|
|
| |_______________________| | | |
|
||
|
|
| Access | | E | /| Display Board |
|
||
|
|
| Tandem | ___ | A | / |_______________|
|
||
|
|
| | | |__________| D | /
|
||
|
|
| End Office |________| E | Data | A |/
|
||
|
|
| | | A |__________| S |\
|
||
|
|
| Equal | | D | Network | / | \
|
||
|
|
| Access | | A | Controls | N | \
|
||
|
|
| End Office | | S |__________| M | \
|
||
|
|
|____________| |___| | | \ __________________
|
||
|
|
| | | \ | |
|
||
|
|
_|_ | | \| Cathode Ray Tube |
|
||
|
|
/ \ | | |__________________|
|
||
|
|
\___/ |___|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Introducing: The Southwestern Bell Telephone Company
|
||
|
|
Network Management Centers
|
||
|
|
___________________
|
||
|
|
| |
|
||
|
|
___| Southwestern Bell |__________________________________________
|
||
|
|
| | Corporations | | | |
|
||
|
|
| |___________________| ______|_______ ______|_______ ______|_______
|
||
|
|
| | || || |
|
||
|
|
| | SW Bell || SW Bell || SW Bell |
|
||
|
|
| |Mobile Systems|| Telecom || Publications |
|
||
|
|
| |______________||______________||______________|
|
||
|
|
__|________________
|
||
|
|
| |
|
||
|
|
| Southwestern Bell |
|
||
|
|
| Telephone |
|
||
|
|
|___________________|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|----> Little Rock NMC Arkansas (Non EADAS/NM) (501)373-5126
|
||
|
|
|----> St. Louis NMC Missouri & Kansas (314)658-6044
|
||
|
|
|----> Oklahoma City NMC Oklahoma (405)278-5511 *
|
||
|
|
|----> Dallas NMC North Texas (214)464-2164
|
||
|
|
|----> Houston NMC South Texas (713)850-5662 *
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* - After hours, this number goes to a beeper,
|
||
|
|
at the tone, dial in your telephone number.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
|
||
|
|
Summary
|
||
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
||
|
|
Network Management is the term used to describe a variety of activities
|
||
|
|
associated with improving network traffic flow and customer service when
|
||
|
|
abnormal conditions (unusual traffic patterns or equipment failures) may have
|
||
|
|
resulted in a congested inefficient network. These activities include the
|
||
|
|
application of network controls when and where necessary and planning the means
|
||
|
|
by which the impact of network overloads can be minimized.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Network Management is based upon the use of near real-time trunk group and
|
||
|
|
switching system data and the ability to implement appropriate network controls
|
||
|
|
thru the use of EADAS/NM.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Network Management is concerned with completing as many calls as possible
|
||
|
|
within the Intra-Lata network and providing equal treatment for the traffic
|
||
|
|
flow to and from all inter-exchange carriers.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"The Future Is Forever"
|
||
|
|
_______________________________________________________________________________
|